Evidence · Hypothesis testing

Hypothesis Testing as Evidence

What does a p-value measure, and what does it not measure?

Page 1 of 6 · Question

Compatibility, not proof

A hypothesis test examines how strongly the data conflict with a specified null hypothesis. It asks whether the evidence is strong enough, under a prespecified decision rule, to reject that null hypothesis.

Central question

If the null hypothesis and analysis assumptions were true, would a result this far from the null be unusual enough to reject the null?

A p-value measures compatibility with the null model. It does not report the probability that the null is true, prove a particular alternative explanation, or establish that the estimated magnitude is important.

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